Where theory and practice meet: Sustaining and impactful, and especially for governance fiduciaries.
Christopher K. Merker, Sustainable Finance Professor at Marquette University and Director at RW Baird, and Mike Underhill, CIO at Capital Innovations, discuss the latest trends in ESG and alternative investments on this webinar this week (2/24/21) hosted by ADISA, the Alternative & Direct Investment Securities Association.
https://www.adisa.org/education/adisa-2021-webinar-series
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3773879
Ethical-factor investing shall be defined as using ethics, such as an enterprise’s policies regarding social/economic/health/environmental justice, sustainability, climate change, or corporate governance, as a factor to determine whether to acquire, dispose of, or how to exercise ownership rights in an equity or debt interest in a business enterprise.
Ethical-factor investing includes, but is not limited to the ESG, sustainable, socially responsible, impact, and faith-based investing. Ethical-factor investing may. but need not, be intended to enhance the investor’s financial performance. Ethical-factor investing also may, but need not, be intended to enhance an enterprise’s ethical behavior, i.e., to be socially beneficial.
The Trump administration discouraged ethical-factor investing. Nevertheless, such investing is becoming increasingly popular among Americans, American mutual funds, and American retirement plans.
The article introduces the current types of ethical investing, their history, their financial and ethical performance, and their pre-Biblical progenitors. All those issues are discussed more extensively in a longer referenced article.
This article suggests how the Biden Administration may encourage ethical-factor investing by ERISA retirement plan fiduciaries. This may be done with revised ERISA regulations and other interpretative documents. No ERISA amendments would be needed. ERISA permits such investing if it does not adversely affect the expected financial performance of such plans’ investment portfolios or investment choices. Finally, such plans investors, including plan participants and beneficiaries, may thereby generate their preferred benefits for society. Such benefits are, like desired financial benefits, most likely to be achieved if such investors are explicit about their preferred benefits and they regularly monitor the performance of their investments.
One of the buzziest acronyms in the investing world is “ESG.” These three letters are a tidy summary of a big-picture idea: That it’s possible to “do good and do well” by investing in your values. While ESG focuses on environmental, social and governance themes, there are several other schools of thought on values-driven investing. These approaches, arguably led by ESG, have become more mainstream over the past few years. Many people and institutions are eager to incorporate “responsible” investing into their portfolios.
“Sustainable finance and investing are taking off- and the world’s top business schools are climbing on board” — Wall Street Journal, 6/10/2019
An article in the Wall Street Journal recently declared that sustainable finance and investment education is making its way into higher education curriculum. But at Marquette, that change happened over a decade ago.
In the 2005-2006 academic year, Dr. Sarah Peck developed and taught the course Investment Ethics. Dedicated to understanding the central role that ethical concepts and consequences play in the practice of finance and specifically investments,this course was one of the first of its kind across the country. Taken up and taught by Dr. David Krause, director of the Applied Investment Management program thereafter, the course eventually landed in the capable hands of Dr. Christopher Merker, Instructor of Practice for Marquette University who has taught the course since 2009.
https://agb.org/trusteeship-article/honor-and-responsibility-the-five-stewardship-imperatives/
It should come as no surprise to trustees that boards have come under increased pressure in recent years to be more purposeful in the how they govern, specifically when it comes to mission and overall governance. There are several possible reasons for this increased attention on mission and governance but a pioneer in the field of governance and investment research, Keith Ambachtsheer, identifies three most likely explanations. In his foreword in The Trustee Governance Guide: Five Imperatives of 21st Century Investing, he reflected on the three main reasons nonprofit organizations have become increasingly focused on their mission and governance in recent years.¹
■ Governance as a process is finally receiving the bright spot it deserves;
■ The time has come to recognize the rise of behavioral economics and its lessons for trustee decision making; and
■ Sustainable investing is increasingly displacing “quarterly capitalism” as the philosophical foundation for long-term wealth creation.
Passive index trackers help to keep money flowing to high-carbon industries
With such a strong financial case against fossil fuels coming into focus, and starting to convince holdouts, activists’ plans to starve oil, gas and coal companies of capital should get a boost as investors abandon the sector for non-ideological reasons. Yet even with this tailwind, the impact of their campaign will be limited as long as people continue ploughing money into market-tracking passive funds.
A few days ago, a smart 22-year-old asked me how to invest some savings from her first job. I advised her to open an individual retirement account. When she found out she couldn’t withdraw it without penalty until she turns 59 1/2, she shot back: “By then the planet will be a rotating cinder!”
The many young people who seem to share her gloomy view of the future should read the new book by Laurence B. Siegel, “Fewer, Richer, Greener.” In it, he proclaims, “We are on the verge of the greatest democratization of wealth and well-being that the world has ever known.”
https://thunderbird.asu.edu/knowledge-network/wef
Thunderbird Convenes Global Leaders Across Sectors to Advance Climate Action
Davos, Switzerland – Thunderbird School of Global Management released a new report today projecting that the world can realize at least $1 trillion – $3 trillion dollars in market opportunities and $3 trillion – $5 trillion dollars in broader economic, social and environmental benefits per year by 2030.
Thunderbird’s Director-General and Dean, Dr. Sanjeev Khagram authored the new report and shared it at a cross-sectoral gathering hosted by Thunderbird with the Foundation for Climate Restoration in Davos during the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting.
“Together, we must rapidly deploy natural and technological solutions to remove gigatons of carbon dioxide from our air, restore ocean ecosystems, and preserve Arctic ice, while dramatically reducing emissions and adapting to climate change impacts,” said Dr. Khagram. “Climate restoration is the critical third pillar of climate action alongside climate mitigation and adaptation.”
Fund manager to double number of sustainability-focused exchange traded funds it offers
https://www.ft.com/content/57db9dc2-3690-11ea-a6d3-9a26f8c3cba4
BlackRock has unveiled sweeping changes in an effort to position itself as a leader in sustainable investing after criticism that the company has failed to use its clout to combat climate change. The world’s largest fund manager, with $7tn in assets, will double the number of sustainability-focused exchange traded funds it offers to 150. It will also cut companies that derive a quarter or more of their revenues from thermal coal from its actively managed portfolios, as it aims to increase its sustainable assets 10-fold from $90bn today to $1tn within a decade.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3501203
Ethical-factor investing is investment decision-making that takes into account ethical factors. It includes faith-based investing, Environmental, Social or Governance (ESG) investing, and sustainable investing. It is becoming more and more widespread. This has occurred despite a lack of widely accepted definitions, performance metrics, or ethical preferences. There is increasing broad agreement that some ethical factors highlight business risks and opportunities in a predictable fashion, such as the effects of climate change, human capital needs, or corporate governance. Thus, more and more investors and enterprises are seeking to profit (including mitigating risks) from these factors in the same way they do from all business risks and opportunities. There are three prudent approaches to ethical-factor investing. The most widely used is the Incorporation approach. Such investing uses the value of doing the right thing to decide how to improve financial returns. Also, quite common is the Tie-Breaker approach. Such investing does the right thing if there no financial cost to doing so. Least common is the concessionary approach. Such investing does the right thing if it does not cost too much. Each of these approaches can be socially beneficial, i.e., improve the norms and behavior of enterprises in a cost effective manner. Investors can generate such benefits by funding enterprises with thinly traded securities whose preferred ethical-factor activities would not otherwise occur, or by participating in engagement campaigns to change the policies of widely traded securities in which they invest.